pop output files are named as pop.h.xxxx, tavg= averaged over certain time period.
| Name | Units | Description |
| SHF | W/m2 | Surface Heat Flux |
| SFWF | mm/day | Surface Freshwater Flux (p-e) |
| SSH | cm | Sea Surface Height |
| H2 (SSH2 in CESM1) | cm2 | SSH2 |
| H3 | unitless | (Δx(SSH))2 + (Δy(SSH))2 |
| TAUX | dyne/cm2 | Zonal windstress |
| TAUY | dyne/cm2 | Meridional windstress |
| UVEL | cm/s | Zonal Velocity |
| VVEL | cm/s | Meridional Velocity |
| KE | cm2/s2 | Horizontal Kinetic Energy (U2 + V2)/2 |
| TEMP | oC | Potential Temperature |
| SALT | g/g | Salinity |
| TEMP2 | oC2 | Temperature2 |
| SALT2 | (g/g)2 | Salt2 |
| UET | oC/s | East Flux of Heat |
| VNT | oC/s | North Flux of Heat |
| WTT | oC/s | Top Flux of Heat |
| UES | g/g/s | East Flux of Salt |
| VNS | g/g/s | North Flux of Salt |
| WTS | g/g/s | Top Flux of Salt |
| UEU | cm/s2 | East Flux of Zonal Momentum |
| VNU | cm/s2 | North Flux of Zonal Momentum |
| UEV | cm/s2 | East Flux of Meridional Momentum |
| VNV | cm/s2 | North Flux of Meridional Momentum |
| PV | 1/s | Potential Vorticity |
| Q | g/cm4 | z-derivative of potential density |
| PD | g/cm3 | Potential density referenced to surface |
| UDP | erg | Pressure work |
| PEC | g/cm3 | Potential energy release due to convection |
| NCNV | adjustments/s | Convective adjustments per second |
| WTU | cm/s2 | Top flux of Zonal Momentum |
| WTV | cm/s2 | Top flux of Meridional Momentum |
| ST | oCg/g | Temperature*Salinity |
| RHO | g/cm3 | In-situ density |
| Name | Units | Description |
| QFLUX | Watts/m2 | Internal Ocean Heat Flux Due to Ice Formation; heat of fusion > 0 or ice-melting potential < 0 |
| BSF | Sv | Barotropic Stream Function |
| TFW_T | Watts/m2 | T flux due to freshwater flux |
| TFW_S | kg/m2/s | S flux due to freshwater flux (kg of salt/m^2/s) |
| RESID_T | Watts/m2 | Free-Surface Residual Flux (T) |
| RESID_S | kg/m2/s | Free-Surface Residual Flux (S) |
| QSW_HTP | Watts/m2 | Solar Short-Wave Heat Flux in top layer |
| QSW_HBL | Watts/m2 | Solar Short-Wave Heat Flux in boundary layer |
| SHF_QSW | Watts/m2 | Solar Short-Wave Heat Flux |
| PREC_F | kg/m2/s | Precipitation Flux from Coupler (rain+snow) |
| SNOW_F | kg/m2/s | Snow Flux from Coupler |
| EVAP_F | kg/m2/s | Evaporation Flux from Coupler |
| MELT_F | kg/m2/s | Melt Flux from Coupler |
| ROFF_F | kg/m2/s | Runoff Flux from Coupler |
| IOFF_F | kg/m2/s | Ice Flux from Coupler due to Land-Model Snow Capping |
| SALT_F | kg/m2/s | Salt Flux from Coupler (kg of salt/m^2/s) |
| SENH_F | kg/m2/s | Sensible Heat Flux from Coupler |
| LWUP_F | Watts/m2 | Longwave Heat Flux (up) from Coupler |
| LWDN_F | Watts/m2 | Longwave Heat Flux (down) from Coupler |
| MELTH_F | Watts/m2 | Melt Heat Flux from Coupler |
| IFRAC | unitless fraction | Ice Fraction from Coupler |
| HMXL and HMXL_2 | cm | Mixed-Layer Depth |
| XMXL and XMXL_2 | cm | Maximum Mixed-Layer Depth |
| TMXL | cm | Minimum Mixed-Layer Depth |
| HBLT | cm | Boundary-Layer Depth |
| XBLT | cm | Maximum Boundary-Layer Depth |
| TBLT | cm | Minimum Boundary-Layer Depth |
| FW | cm/s | Freshwater Flux |
| ADVT | cm/oC/s | Vertically-Integrated T Advection Tendency |
| ADVS | cm g/km/s | Vertically-Integrated S Advection Tendency |
| dTEMP_POS_2D | oC | max positive column temperature timestep diff |
| dTEMP_NEG_2D | oC | max negative column temperature timestep diff |
| KAPPA_ISOP | cm2/s | Isopycnal diffusion coefficient |
| KAPPA_THIC | cm2/s | Thickness diffusion coefficient |
| HOR_DIFF | cm2/s | Horizontal diffusion coefficient |
| DIA_DEPTH | cm | Depth of the Diabatic Region at the Surface |
| TLT | cm | Transition Layer Thickness |
| INT_DEPTH | cm | Depth at which the Interior Region Starts |
| UISOP | cm/s | Bolus Velocity in grid-x direction (diagnostic) |
| VISOP | cm/s | Bolus Velocity in grid-y direction (diagnostic) |
| WISOP | cm/s | Vertical Bolus Velocity (diagnostic) |
| ADVT_ISOP | cm/oC/s | Vertically-Integrated T Eddy-Induced Advection Tendency (diagnostic) |
| ADVS_ISOP | cm g/km/s | Vertically-Integrated S Eddy-Induced Advection Tendency (diagnostic) |
| VNT_ISOP | oC/s | Heat Flux Tendency in grid-y Dir due to Eddy-Induced Vel (diagnostic) |
| VNS_ISOP | g/km/s | Salt Flux Tendency in grid-y Dir due to Eddy-Induced Vel (diagnostic) |
| KVMIX | cm2/s | Vertical diabatic diffusivity due to background or Tidal Mixing + background |
| KVMIX_M | cm2/s | Vertical viscosity due to background or Tidal Mixing + background |
| TPOWER | erg/s | Energy Used by Vertical Mixing |
| VVC_BCK | cm2/s | Vertical viscosity due to background |
| USUBM | cm/s | Submeso velocity in grid-x direction (diagnostic) |
| VSUBM | cm/s | Submeso velocity in grid-y direction (diagnostic) |
| WSUBM | cm/s | Vertical submeso velocity (diagnostic) |
| ADVT_SUBM | cm/oC/s | Vertically-Integrated T submeso Advection Tendency (diagnostic) |
| ADVS_SUBM | cm g/km/s | Vertically-Integrated S submeso Advection Tendency (diagnostic) |
| VNT_SUBM | oC/s | Heat Flux Tendency in grid-y Dir due to submeso Vel (diagnostic) |
| VNS_SUBM | oC/s | Salt Flux Tendency in grid-y Dir due to submeso Vel (diagnostic) |
| HLS_SUBM | cm | Horizontal length scale used in submeso |
| VDC_T | cm2/s | total diabatic vertical TEMP diffusivity |
| VDC_S | cm2/s | total diabatic vertical SALT diffusivity |
| UVEL2 | cm2/s2 | Velocity in grid-x direction |
| VVEL2 | cm2/s2 | Velocity in grid-y direction |
| WVEL2 | cm2/s2 | Vertical Velocity2 |
| RHO_VINT | g/cm2 | Vertical Integral of In-Situ Density |
| SFWF_WRST | kg/m2/s | Virtual Salt Flux due to weak restoring |
| TAUX2 | dyne2/cm4 | Windstress2 in grid-x direction |
| TAUY2 | dyne2/cm4 | Windstress2 in grid-y direction |
| SSH2 (H2 in LANL POP) | cm2 | SSH2 |
| VVC | cm2/s | total vertical momentum viscosity |
| VDC_BCK | cm2/s | Vertical diabatic diffusivity due to background |
空文件
| find ./ -size 0 | xarg rm |
51字节大小文件
| find ./ -size 51c | xarg rm |
CMAQ以ACONC为中缀的输出文件中每天有25个时次，非常诡异，经查UG，
CONC为瞬时文件，最常用；
ACONC通常为小时平均文件；
CGRID为restart文件。
经查ncdump，CONC文件TSTEP在第25步输出了第24时次（下一个输出文件起始时刻）的数据，因此读取的时候丢掉最后一个时次即可。